Production:
Urea is produced on a large scale as a byproduct of the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The primary method of production is the urea synthesis reaction, where ammonia and carbon dioxide react under high pressure to form urea and water.
Agricultural Use:
In agriculture, urea is one of the most common forms of nitrogenous fertilizer due to its high nitrogen content (46%) and its ease of handling. It is used to replenish the nitrogen levels in soil, which is essential for plant growth and development. Urea can be applied directly to the soil or used as a component in compound fertilizers.
Medical Use:
Medicinally, urea is used as an ingredient in creams and lotions to promote the retention of moisture in the skin, acting as a humectant. It is also used in some hair conditioners and as a diuretic in certain medical treatments.
Cosmetic Use:
In cosmetics, urea is valued for its ability to soften and exfoliate the skin. It is often found in hand creams, foot lotions, and other products designed to treat dry, rough skin.
Other Applications:
Urea has several other industrial applications, including:
- As a raw material for the production of plastics, adhesives, and other chemicals.
- In the manufacturing of urea-formaldehyde resins used in the production of particle board and plywood.
- As a non-corrosive anti-freeze agent in automotive applications.
- In the production of animal feed as a protein supplement.
